Note pour la période des questions : Haiti

La crise multiforme en Haïti et ses répercussions sur les conditions de vie déjà difficiles des Haïtiennes et Haïtiens.

• Le Canada est profondément préoccupé par l'aggravation continue des crises politiques, sécuritaires, humanitaires, économiques et sociales en Haïti et les répercussions importantes de celles-ci sur le peuple haïtien et sur la stabilité de la région
• Devant la montée généralisée de l'insécurité en Haïti, le Canada encourage les autorités haïtiennes à répondre fermement aux actions des gangs et à rétablir très rapidement un climat sécuritaire favorable au plein exercice des droits fondamentaux des Haïtiennes et Haïtiens

• Nous encourageons le gouvernement à maintenir un dialogue politique inclusif avec toutes les parties prenantes afin de jeter les bases nécessaires à la tenue d'élections libres et crédibles
• Coparrainée par le Canada, une Déclaration sur la situation en Haïti a été adoptée par les États membres de l'OÉA, lors de l'Assemblée Générale du 12 novembre 2021, invitant ceux-ci à se pencher de manière urgente sur la crise multiforme qui prévaut dans le pays.

Two political agreements are currently being negotiated. In a tense political climate, PM Henry is trying to negotiate a consensus on the next steps, whereas the various political and civil society factions are discussing a competing agreement. Prime Minister Ariel Henry is pushing for constitutional reform, a referendum on the constitution and elections in 2022, which many feel is an ambitious timetable. The PM's legitimacy is being questioned and there are persistent suspicions about his possible role in President Moïse's assassination, the investigation of which is at a standstill.

Gang activities (confrontations, kidnappings and assassinations) have recently increased tenfold. On October 15, the United Nations Integrated Office in Haiti's mandate was renewed for 9 months in a context of tense negotiations. The next day, a group of missionaries (16 Americans and 1 Canadian) was kidnapped. On October 21, the DG of the Haitian National Police resigned. Several weeks of strikes to protest against insecurity and the fuel shortage paralyzed business, schools and transportation at length. The prolonged fuel shortage led to the withdrawal of non-essential personnel from the Embassy of Canada in Port-au-Prince on November 11, as gangs control the terminals, exit points and delivery routes. An 8-day truce announced on November 12 by Jimmy Cherizier, alias Barbecue, leader of the G9 coalition of gangs, has allowed trucks to resume distribution. The embassy received a first delivery on Sunday, but several more will be needed to get back to operational level.

On August 14, 2021, an earthquake hit Haiti's Grand Sud region (2,300 people dead, 12,800 injured, 690,000 affected). Loss and damages are estimated to be US$1.5 billion. Canada contributed nearly Can$6 million in humanitarian assistance and is now waiting for the call for donors for the reconstruction phase (December 2021). Over 40% of the population is also in an acute food crisis, including 1.1 million in a food emergency.

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